Mycoplasma genitalium: enhanced management using expanded resistance-guided treatment strategies.

Mycoplasma genitalium is an emerging sexually transmitted bacterium that is gaining attention because of the impact escalating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is having on patient management. Of additional concern is that increased availability of testing appears to be resulting in screening practices that are not supported by clinical guidelines. This results in increasing numbers of asymptomatic M. genitalium infections being identified, which when combined with AMR issues, creates significant challenges for patients and clinicians. Rapidly rising levels of AMR, coupled with limited alternative treatment options, means patients can enter cycles of complex antimicrobial regimens that may cause more harm than the infection itself. In this review, we discuss the emergence of AMR and the implication for treatment practices, highlight the recommendations for testing but not screening for M. genitalium , and discuss expansion of individualised treatment strategies, to curb the emergence of resistance and improve outcomes for patients. We also provide suggestions for future research on the transmission and spread of resistance, to enhance global surveillance of this antimicrobial resistant pathogen and inform the revision of local and international treatment strategies.

Changing from Clinician-Collected to Self-Collected Throat Swabs for Oropharyngeal Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Screening among Men Who Have Sex with Men.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led many clinics to move from clinician-collected to self-collected oropharyngeal swabs for the detection of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Before this change, however, self-collection was used primarily for genital and anorectal infections, with only limited studies on the performance of self-collection of oropharyngeal swabs for oropharyngeal STI detection. The Melbourne Sexual Health Centre (MSHC) changed from clinician-collected to self-collected oropharyngeal swabs for oropharyngeal gonorrhea and chlamydia screening on 16 March 2020 in order to reduce health care worker risk during the COVID-19 pandemic. We compared the proportions of valid and positive samples for gonorrhea and chlamydia among men who have sex with men (MSM) in two time periods; the clinician collection period, between 20 January and 15 March 2020, and the self-collection period, between 16 March and 8 May 2020. A total of 4,097 oropharyngeal swabs were included. The proportion of oropharyngeal swabs with equivocal or invalid results for Neisseria gonorrhoeae was higher in the self-collection period (1.6% [24/1,497]) than in the clinician collection period (0.9% [23/2,600]) (P = 0.038), but the proportions did not differ for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis The positivity rates of oropharyngeal N. gonorrhoeae (adjusted prevalence ratio [PR], 1.07 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.85 to 1.34]) (P = 0.583) and oropharyngeal C. trachomatis (adjusted PR, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.51 to 1.39]) (P = 0.504) specimens did not differ between the two periods. Self-collected oropharyngeal swabs for the detection of N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis have acceptable performance characteristics and, importantly, reduce health care worker exposure to respiratory infections.